Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen with "Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ showing the dome-shaped extension of the connective with hairs; b–d) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined pentachotomocolpate (b, d) and possibly tetrachotomocolpate (c) apertures and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of broken pollen grains showing the loosely attached reticulum, long scattered columellae and thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 49-S101209 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–c) Staminate structure in oblique apical (a), oblique basal (b) and lateral (c) views showing distinct stalk and head with a cluster of about 20 stamens; note bracts at the base of the structure (asterisks) and probable secretory openings in the anther tissues (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 358-S135451 (a–c). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality,...

Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 5"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably coprolite but containing one kind of pollen; b, c) Pollen grains from pollen clump in oblique equatorial view (b) and polar view (c) showing the three apertures with a distinct aperture margin and the coarse reticulum; d) Detail of wall of a broken pollen grain showing long straight columellae and a thin foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S115858 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

Text-fig. 12. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 3"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with pollen in situ; b, c) Pollen grains showing the semitectate-reticulate pollen wall and folds (c) indicating a possible monocolpate aperture; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation; e) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny, spherical, finely spiny orbicules. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170449 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 12. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipol...

Text-fig. 32. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with monocolpate, reticulate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with four pollen sacs and an adhering bract (arrow); b) Pollen grains from stamen showing the large gaping, almost circular, aperture with a distinct aperture margin; c) Detail of pollen wall showing finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation and bases of broken columellae; d) Pollen grain showing the large gaping, rounded aperture; e) Pollen grains showing large, rounded aperture (left) and abraded reticulum exposing the surface of the foot layer and long columellae (right). Specimen, Catefica 49-S170144 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (d, e), 1.5 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 32. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with monocolpate, reticulate poll...

Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen with pollen in situ; b) Detail from stamen fragment showing distal and proximal surfaces of in situ pollen grains; c) Pollen grain in distal view showing short colpus with irregular margin and aperture membrane covered by irregular verrucae; d) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny spherical orbicules; e) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170389 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 3 Μm (d), 1.5 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipol...

Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate inflorescence fragment with Cl...

Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portug...

Text-fig. 38. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with tricolpate pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing the elongate, tetrasporangiate anther but with the base and apex poorly preserved; b, d, e) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in equatorial (b, e) and polar (d) views showing the long colpi with coarsely verrucate aperture membranes and semitectate-microreticulate pollen wall; note small, spherical orbicules scattered on the surface of the tectum (arrows); c) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri with very faint transverse striations and a granular to columellate infratectal layer. Specimen, Catefica 153-S105614 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 1 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 38. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with tricolpate pollen sp. 2"; Ca...

Text-fig. 10. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen with pollen in situ; b) Detail from stamen fragment showing distal and proximal surfaces of in situ pollen grains and tiny orbicules on the inner surface of the anther wall (arrows); c) Pollen grains in distal view showing short colpi with irregular margins and aperture membrane with irregular verrucae; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170387 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 10. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipol...

Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globi...

Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Pro...

Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with zona-aperturate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of elongated anther showing the broad connective and very narrow pollen sacs; b) Lateral view of elongated anther showing the broad dorsal and ventral surfaces of the connectives and very narrow pollen sacs; c) Apex of elongated anther showing dorsal and ventral surfaces and very narrow pollen sacs; d) Lateral view of narrow pollen sac showing in situ pollen; e) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); f) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with zona-aperturate pollen"; Cat...

Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 3"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment, containing one kind of pollen; b, d, e) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in polar (b, d) and equatorial (e) views showing the long colpi with coarsely verrucate aperture membranes; note the semitectate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpium regions and foveolate-punctate tectum in the polar regions and along the aperture margins; c) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri and short, densely-spaced columellae. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107785 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 1.5 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–c) Staminate structure in oblique apical (a), oblique basal (b) and lateral (c) views showing distinct stalk and head with a cluster of about 20 stamens; note bracts at the base of the structure (asterisks) and probable secretory openings in the anther tissues (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 358-S135451 (a–c). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality,...

Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 5"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably coprolite but containing one kind of pollen; b, c) Pollen grains from pollen clump in oblique equatorial view (b) and polar view (c) showing the three apertures with a distinct aperture margin and the coarse reticulum; d) Detail of wall of a broken pollen grain showing long straight columellae and a thin foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S115858 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

Text-fig. 12. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 3"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with pollen in situ; b, c) Pollen grains showing the semitectate-reticulate pollen wall and folds (c) indicating a possible monocolpate aperture; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation; e) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny, spherical, finely spiny orbicules. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170449 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 12. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipol...

Text-fig. 32. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with monocolpate, reticulate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with four pollen sacs and an adhering bract (arrow); b) Pollen grains from stamen showing the large gaping, almost circular, aperture with a distinct aperture margin; c) Detail of pollen wall showing finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation and bases of broken columellae; d) Pollen grain showing the large gaping, rounded aperture; e) Pollen grains showing large, rounded aperture (left) and abraded reticulum exposing the surface of the foot layer and long columellae (right). Specimen, Catefica 49-S170144 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (d, e), 1.5 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 32. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with monocolpate, reticulate poll...

Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen with pollen in situ; b) Detail from stamen fragment showing distal and proximal surfaces of in situ pollen grains; c) Pollen grain in distal view showing short colpus with irregular margin and aperture membrane covered by irregular verrucae; d) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny spherical orbicules; e) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170389 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 3 Μm (d), 1.5 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipol...

Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate inflorescence fragment with Cl...

Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portug...

Text-fig. 38. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with tricolpate pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing the elongate, tetrasporangiate anther but with the base and apex poorly preserved; b, d, e) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in equatorial (b, e) and polar (d) views showing the long colpi with coarsely verrucate aperture membranes and semitectate-microreticulate pollen wall; note small, spherical orbicules scattered on the surface of the tectum (arrows); c) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri with very faint transverse striations and a granular to columellate infratectal layer. Specimen, Catefica 153-S105614 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 1 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 38. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with tricolpate pollen sp. 2"; Ca...

Text-fig. 10. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen with pollen in situ; b) Detail from stamen fragment showing distal and proximal surfaces of in situ pollen grains and tiny orbicules on the inner surface of the anther wall (arrows); c) Pollen grains in distal view showing short colpi with irregular margins and aperture membrane with irregular verrucae; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170387 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 10. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipol...

Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globi...

Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Pro...

Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with zona-aperturate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of elongated anther showing the broad connective and very narrow pollen sacs; b) Lateral view of elongated anther showing the broad dorsal and ventral surfaces of the connectives and very narrow pollen sacs; c) Apex of elongated anther showing dorsal and ventral surfaces and very narrow pollen sacs; d) Lateral view of narrow pollen sac showing in situ pollen; e) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); f) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with zona-aperturate pollen"; Cat...

Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 3"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment, containing one kind of pollen; b, d, e) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in polar (b, d) and equatorial (e) views showing the long colpi with coarsely verrucate aperture membranes; note the semitectate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpium regions and foveolate-punctate tectum in the polar regions and along the aperture margins; c) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri and short, densely-spaced columellae. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107785 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 1.5 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–c) Staminate structure in oblique apical (a), oblique basal (b) and lateral (c) views showing distinct stalk and head with a cluster of about 20 stamens; note bracts at the base of the structure (asterisks) and probable secretory openings in the anther tissues (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 358-S135451 (a–c). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality,...

Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 5"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably coprolite but containing one kind of pollen; b, c) Pollen grains from pollen clump in oblique equatorial view (b) and polar view (c) showing the three apertures with a distinct aperture margin and the coarse reticulum; d) Detail of wall of a broken pollen grain showing long straight columellae and a thin foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S115858 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Friis, Else Marie
Crane, Peter R.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard
Mendes, Mário Miguel
Kvaček, Jiří

December 2022

Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. ...

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